Collision Detection Robot

An autonomous collision detection and avoidance robot built from scratch using Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensors, and a dual-channel motor driver. The robot continuously scans its surroundings and intelligently navigates around obstacles in real time without any human intervention.

The system uses an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor mounted at the front to emit sonar pulses and measure the time-of-flight of reflected signals. When an obstacle is detected within 20 cm, the microcontroller halts forward motion, activates a buzzer alert, and triggers reverse-and-turn maneuvers before resuming normal navigation.

The project was selected for exhibition at two prestigious engineering college events — Cummins College of Engineering (April 2025) and PICT College of Engineering (March 2025) — where it attracted significant interest from students and faculty for its clean engineering and real-world applicability.

  ┌──────────────────────────────┐
  │      HC-SR04 Ultrasonic      │
  │   Trigger → Pulse → Echo     │
  └─────────────┬────────────────┘
                │ Distance (cm)
  ┌─────────────▼────────────────┐
  │         Arduino Uno          │
  │   distance < 20cm?           │
  │   YES → STOP + ALERT + TURN  │
  │   NO  → FORWARD              │
  └──────┬──────────┬────────────┘
         │          │
  ┌──────▼──┐  ┌────▼───────┐
  │  L298N  │  │ Buzzer+LED │
  │ Motor   │  │  Alert     │
  │ Driver  │  └────────────┘
  └──┬───┬──┘
     │   │
  ┌──▼─┐ ┌▼───┐
  │ M1 │ │ M2 │  ← Gear Motors (x4)
  └────┘ └────┘